NOTES PREPARED BY
ASHAQ HUSSAIN BHAT
TEACHER SCHOOL
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
THE KASHMIRI SHAWL
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
1. Answer these questions.
Q. 1. What do you understand by the talim ? Who writes it ?
Ans. They are the instructions written by the talim goru or pattern master. It is kept by the weavers in front of them as they work on the loom.
Q. 2. How is pashmina obtained? How is it different from other types of wool ?
Ans. Pashmina is obtained from a wild goat called kel. It is shed by these goats in spring season. Fine wool is sorted out. It is called pashmina whereas rough wool is used for making inferior shawls.
Q. 3. How did Europeans come to know about the Kashmiri shawl?
Ans. Francis Bernier was the first European who visited Kashmir in 1664. He wrote about the softness and delicacy of the Kashmiri shawl.
Q. 4. What is the other name for the designer of the Kashmiri shawl?
Ans. The other name is naqqash.
Q. 5. Who brought the shaw! to Kashmir ? How do you know?
Ans. It was Sultan Zain-ul-Abideen (popularly known as Badshah) who brought the shawl. According to Carl Von Hugel, who visited Kashmir in 1836. the Sultan called in the fifteenth century, a highly skilled weaver Naghz Beg from Turkester build a loom for weaving shawls.
Q. 6. How is the kashmiri shawl different from the European one ?
Ans. The European shawls are made in the European tradition. They were trimmed which weakened the shawl. Thus its beauty was marred. European shawis were woven in several pieces. They had to be sewn together. Kashmiri shawl was made in one piece.
Q. 7. Why are shawls so popular ?
Ans. Shawls became popular in France after Napoleon presented a rare shawl to Empress Josephine. The British also developed interest in the Kashmiri goods. Kashmiri shawls are used as wedding gifts and form an important part in the bride's wedding clothes. They were worn by men as well. over the shoulders by the elite class and around the body by others.
II. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the boxes:
Ans.
1. Naghz Beg visited Kashmir in 1836. (F)
2. Josephine got a Kashmiri shawl from Akbar. (F)
3. Pashmina wool is taken from a goat. (F)
4 Europeans could not copy the Kashmiri shawl. (F)
3. The Kashmiri shawl is made in Europe. (F)
6. Hugel visited Kashmir more than a century after Bernier. (T)
7. European women preferred the Kashmiri shawl to their own. (T)
USING WORDS
1. Kashmir is the palce where Kashmiris live. They speak Kashmiri.
Make similar statements about the words.
PLACE PEOPLE LANGUAGE
Britain. Britons. English
China. Chinese. Chinese
Israel. Israelites. Hebrew
Palestine Palestinians. Arabic
Japan. Japanese Japanese
America. American English
Saudi Arabia. Arabs. Arabic
Holland. Danes. Danish
Ireland. Irish. Irish
USING GRAMMAR
I. The 'ring shawl' can pass through a ring.
In this sentence the underlined words shows us the relationship of the shawl with the 'ring'. Words that show the relationship of one entity with another are called prepositions. Some other prepositions are:
The policeman is between the two thieves.
The dog is sitting beside his mistress.
The mother is standing behind the girl.
and the girl is looking into the mirror.
The mirror is in front of her.
Turn the book at page 5.
The plane is flying over the man. It is above the ground.
Doggie is sitting outside and in front of his kennel, The kennel is behind him.
The monkey is sitting on the tree.
Sheila is jumping over her friend.
They are talking to each other.
The flag is flying over the mountain-top.
The children are going into the church. They are running towards it. There is a man at the church gate.
The boat is floating in the river. There is a lot of water under the boat.
II. A shawl is a piece of fabric worn to keep us warm in winter. Do you know the names of the following pieces of clothing? Look at the pictures and write the names under/against each.
Ans. 1. Shorts 2. gown or house coat 3. suit 4. T-shirt 5. baby suit.
The pictures in the following sentences represent the different concepts that prepositions are used for. Guess the concept and replace the pictures with appropriate prepositions given above.
i. Aslam put his ball..........the box, and he locked it. (In to)
ii. The ball is ...... the floor. Lift it and go out to play. (On)
iii. Th thief jumped......the wall and ran away. (Over )
iv. The ball is ..... the carpet. Get it from there. (Under)
v. Don't look .......the window. They're watching you, (through)
vi. Construct your house a little........the ground level. The flood water will not enter your house. (Above )
vii. Somebody is knocking.......the door. Could you see who it is? (At)
Concept. i. into stands for movement from one place to the other.
ii. on shows position.
iii. over shows moving from one position to another.
iv. under shows the position of the thing in relation to another.
v. Through represents giving full view to an outsider.
vi. Above shows positions on top of or at a height of something.
vii. at after knocking shows a succession of taps being made at the door.
LET'S TALK
Kashmiris do not only weave shawls. They weave carpets as well which are famous in the whole world. Talk to a friend about how carpets are woven on the loom. If you don't know ask somebody in the class who can explain it to you. Note the differences / similarities between the shawl and carpet weaving.
Arif : Do you know that Kashmir is famous for shawls ?
Atiq: Yes, I know.
Arif : Do you know any other thing that is woven in Kashmir ?
Atiq : Carpets are also woven in Kashmir.
Arif : How do you weave carpets ?
Atiq: It may not be easy for me to explain how a carpet is woven. Broadly, I can tell you that shawls of fine quality require skilled workers. It is not so in the case of carpets.
LET'S WRITE
The following sentences describe how to make carrot pudding (popularly known as 'gajar ka halwa'), but the sentences are not in order. Read them and organise them to make a meaningful recipe :
a. When the milk is absorbed, add 3 tablespoons of ghee.
b. Get one kilogram of red carrots.
c. Add ground dry fruits.
d. Add one litre milk and a tin of milkmaid and boil the mixture for 30 minutes.
e. Wash the carrots, grate them and put them in pan.
f. Stir continuously till the carrots leave the walls of the pan and turn brownish.
g. Serve hot.
The correct order is :
Ans. b. Get one kilogram of red carrots.
e. Wash the carrots, grate them and put them in pan.
d. Add one litre milk and a tin of milkmaid brand condensed milk and boil the mixture for 30 minutes.
a. When the milk is absorbed, add 3 tablespoons of ghee.
f. Stir continuously till the carrots leave the walls of the pan and turn brownish.
c. Add ground dry fruits.
g. Serve hot.
Now write the recipe of how to make a cup of "Kahwa". What ingredients do you put in it ?
Ingredients: a cup of water, half a cup of milk, two teaspoons of sugar, 'Kahwa' (required quantity)
1. You should light the gas. Put a cup of water in a kettle and put it on the stove. Add half a cup of milk. Add two or three tea spoons of sugar Add kahwa as required. Let it heat for some time. When the decoction gets boiled, turn off the gas. Then bring down the kettle and use a filter. Two cups of kahwa are ready for drinking. Serve.
Do It Yourself
Visit one of the silk factories in Jammu and Kashmir and see h silk is produced. Talk to weaver there. Make notes about it. The next day talk to your class about what you learnt after visiting the factory.
Ans. This question is based on an activity outside the classroom. The outdoor activity is to be followed by discussion in the classroom under the class teacher.
TONGUE TWISTER
The owner of the inside inn was inside.His inside inn with his inside outside his inside inn.
Q. Write not more than twenty-five words on your favourite fruit.
Ans. Apple is a sweet and delicious fruit that is very healthy. It is also a good disease-fighter and we can eat it every day. The delicious taste and bright colour of the apple make it even more appealing. Moreover, it is a versatile fruit which we can be used in many dishes. Some one has rightly said that An Apple A day keeps doctor away.
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