CHAPTER 3.
RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE
Match the following:
|
Column l |
Column ll
|
|
(a )Ryot
|
1. Village
|
|
(b )Mahal
|
2. Peasant
|
|
( c)Nij
cultivation
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3. On ryot's land
|
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( d)Ryoti
cultivation
|
4. On planter's own land
|
Answer: (a)→ 2, (b)→ 1, (c)→ 4, (d) →3
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw-------------- as
a crop which would
provide competition to their earnings.
Ans. Indigo
(b) The demand for indigo increased in late
eighteenth- century Britain because of--------------
Ans. Increased cotton textiles production
(c) The international demand for indigo was
affected by the discovery
of-----------------
Ans. Synthetic dyes
(d) The Champaran movement was
against-------------------
Ans. Indigo planters
Q. Describe the main features of the Permanent
Settlement.
ANS.
In 1793, permanent settlement was first offered. The Permanent claims that the
rajas and talugdars were assigned the duty of collecting tax from the peasants
after being acknowledged as zamindaris. The term "permanent
settlement" refers to the fact that the sum due was set in stone.
Q. How was the Mahalwari system different from the
permanent Settlement?
Ans.
|
Mahaiwari system
|
Permanent Settlement |
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Village headman was responsible revenue
collection.
|
Raja or zamindar was responsible for revenue
collection.
|
|
Revenue demand was to be reviewed
periodically.
|
Raja or zamindar was responsible for revenue
collection |
Q. Give two problems which arose with the new Munro
system of fixing revenue.
ANS:
- The revenue officials desired a rise in land revenue. They set an extremely
high revenue requirement as a result. Peasants were unable to pay for the
goods. In many areas, the ryots left the land, leaving communities abandoned.
Q. Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?
ANS:-
The planters purchased indigo for a cheap price. Profiting was an unrealistic
goal for the ryot, who could not even recoup his expenses. This implied that
the ryot was in debt at all times. The ryots were therefore hesitant to plant
indigo.
.
Q. What were the circumstances which led to the
eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?
ANS: - The ryots started to baulk at growing indigo. The headmen of the village and a few zamindaris helped them in their struggle. The protests were so widespread that the government was forced to step in. The Indigo Commission was established to investigate the issues. The commissioner let the ryots grow whatever they desired despite acknowledging the planters' shortcomings. Bengal's indigo industry eventually collapsed as a result of this.
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