Refrance.... History by R.Guptas
Kargil (NOW IN UT LADAKH)
Kargil district carved out of erstwhile district ladakh came into existence in july1979. It lies in the north-east of kashmir valley at a distance of 205 kms from Srinagar. 99% of population is schedule tribe, the district has high altitude area in The country ranging from 8,000 feets to 18,000fts above sea level. The district Remains cut off from the rest of country from november to may in view of heavy Snow fall on national highway at zojila pass. People mostly live in rural areas and Only 5.3 per cent reside in the town. The majority of population is muslim. The Cultivated area in the district is 10.000 hectares as against 19,437 hectares of Reporting area. The soil is generally coarse, mixed with stones and gravels. It is Alkaline in reaction and organic matter content is very low. The fertility of the soil Varies from place to place and the growing season is short. The average rainfall in Kargil is 26 cms only. The barley is the staple crop of the district. The district Presents a composite culture of balti, ladakhi, purki, dardi, zanskari and shia Cultures. Irrespective of ethnic identities, all speak the kargali language with ease.
At a glance
Villages
connected by road----- 92
Panchayats----- 34
Area----- 14036 sq kmsek
Blocks------ 9
Population ------ 1,43,388 (2011)
Live-stock
population------ 4 lakhs
Population
density------- 10 per sq. Kms
Forests------- 6 sq kms
Villages------- 129
Literacy
rate------- 74.49%
Tehsil------- 3
Bank
branches------- 11
Tehsil------- 3
Towns------- 1
Principal
crop------- barley grim/wheat
Historical
places and monuments
The district has one of the oldest civilizations. These tribes are dards and baltis. The baltis are said to be descendents of sakas a central asian race. Dards are
Located in dras. There is a old stone statue near dras. General zorawar singh while conquering the Area via warwan pass constructed a fort at proper kargil.
Tourist
places
Suru valley and zanskar in particular are the most beautiful areas and attract large Number of tourists. Expeditions to nun-kun mainly take off from panikhar village Which also the base for long treks in the direction of kashmir and kishtwar. Zanskar Is a favourite destination for tourists and padum is the centre for hard but rewarding treks to manali. There is small hermitage of dzongkhul on way to umasi la.
Kathua
Known as gateway of jammu & kashmir state, kathua district lies in south-east of the state. It is located 32.17' to 32.55' north latitude and 75.32' to 75.76 east Longitude. The district covers 1.9 percent of the total area of the state. Spread over An area of 2440 sq. Kms, the district has a population of 6,15,711 as per 2011Census. For administrative, the district has been divided into five tehsils. District Broadly comprises three distinct zones. These can be described as border, kandi And hilly areas. The two main rivers of the district are ravi and ujh which are Major contributors to the prestigious ravi-tawi irrigation complex. As regards The main ethnic groups, hindus constitutes 91% of the district while muslims Form 7% and sikh 2% of the population. The most important minerals in the district are cement grade lime stone in basholi. Dogri is the main language spoken by The people of the district. There are a number of monuments in the district like Towering forts and magnificent places at kathua, lakhanpur, jasmergarh (hiranagar), Jasrota, ramkote, bhadu and basholi.
At a
glance
8------- blocks
948 ------- educational institutions
2.81
lakh------- live-stock population
361-------- health institutions
1,19,849------- hectare gross area sown
784------- kms road length
32,752------- hectare gross area irrigated
3476 ------- industrial units registered
548------- villages electrified
2440------- sq
kms area
552------- villages with drinking water
6,15,711
(2011)-------- population
73.50%------- literacy rate
232------- per sq
kms population density
60 ------- bank branches
Principal
crop------- wheat, rice, maize
587------- villages
5 ------- tehsil
129 ------- post offices
115------- panchayats
Kupwara
Kupwara is the backward frontier district of kashmir valley and is full of scenic beauty ,Beauty. Dense forests and rich wild life make it significant from tourism and wild life point of view. Nature has been very kind to kupwara. Kupwara was carved out Of baramulla district in the year 1979, the geographical area is 2379 sq km. In the East and south lie baramulla, in the west and north there is loc which separates it From muzaffarabad (pakistan). It is 90 kms from srinagar.
The altitude is 5300ft above sea level. Kishenganga is the main river originatingFrom himalayas that flows through the outer area of kupwara finally joining jhelurm At domel in pok. Hilly areas of karnah, machil, keran are situated at the LOC.
The climate of the district is pleasant in spring, moderate in summer and cold inWinter. Temperature rises to 37 degrees in summer to minus 10 degrees in winter. Forests of kupwara have deodar, kail, fir, pine, elm and blue in abundance. Chinars, poplars and walnuts are grown in the area.
There is wide range of wildlife , among the birds crows, vultures, falcons, wood-Peckers, swallows, bushchats, flycatchers, bulbul, dove, pigeons are found andAmong the animals blackbear, redbear, tigers, goats, markhor, monkeys, wildbulls,Muskdeer are found.
Administratively kupwara is divided in three tehsils viz kupwara, handwara,Karnah.
At a glance
45000------- hectare educational institutions
792 ------- gross area sown
222------- health institutions
23000------- hectare net area irrigated
2379------- sq km area
1500------- sq km forests
8,75,564------- (2011) population
337------- villages electrified
368------- per sq. Kms population density
359------- villages with drinking water
369------- villages
66.92%------- literacy rate
3------- tehsil
58------- bank branches
112------- panchayats
213------- post office
11------- blocks
Historical
places and monuments
Mugam-e-shahwali - mazar-e-sharief of zattishah at village mugam nearDrugmulla four kms from kupwara town. Urs is celebrated in the month of may.
Ziarat -i- baba abdullah gazi - situated at kralpora guzrail about 20 kmns from Kupwara town in the northwest.
Shrine of prakash akhoon - located at gushi 3 kms from kupwara town. Prakash Pundit was a prominent scholar of arabic, persian, urdu and sanskrit languages.
Kheer bhawani asthapan - located at tikker on chowkibal road about 1 km from Kupwara town. Anniversary is celebrated in the month of april-may.
Tourist
places
Famous springs, kajinag -located at kajinag mountain, trehgam nag - trehgam Town, ghazinag - ghazrial kralapora, zatishahnag- drugmulla, lolenag lalporaLolab, shumanag - trehgam, mirnag - haihama kupwara, famous mountainJkanges peaks and passes, kijinag mountain range, shamas bary peak, caves ofRaja ram, asmala slope, tumar pass, farktan, jar pass, harwan pass.
Leh
Ladakh is situated between 30 degree to 36 degree cast latitude and 76 degree To 79 degree north longitude. The region of ladakh spread over to an area of A population of 2 lakhs habitants and consists of 96,701 sq kms and comprising Two districts, leh and kargil. The region Of ladakh normally remains land locked Between november to june every year as Srinagar-ladakh and ladakh-manali Highways, which connect ladakh with the Other parts of the country, remain closed During this period because of snow and Rigorous winter. Ladakh is also the land Of many lakes and springs. Among the Springs, the famous are the sulphur springs Of panamic (nobra), chumathang and Puga of changthang, which are famous for early curing of joints/ rheumatic diseases. Many mineral springs are also found in some remote parts of ladakh. People Of region use the spring water as medicine to prevent and cure themselves from Many diseases. The important lakes which fall within the jurisdiction of ladakh Are pangong lake (150 kms long, 4 kms wide situated at a height of 14.000Ft).t'somoriri lake, (tsokar means salty lake). Ladakh has two districts namelyLeh and kargil which stand in contrast with each other in terms of geography and Climate. The great himalaya mountain, lying to the south, forms a barrier to mon-Soon in this area. Due to this region ladakh is an isolated cold desert region.Altitude in ladakh varies from place to place and is the main factor affecting localClimate. The winter temperature touches as low as minus 30 degree(leh & kargıl)And minus 60 degree in (drass) subzero temperature prevails from december to February throughout ladakh, whereas, zero degree temperature is experiencedDuring rest of winter months. This result in freezing of all conceivable water re-Sources. During summers the maximum temperature increases from 20 degree cTo 38 degree c in july and august. The relative humidity is low and ranges from31 to 64 per cent. Wind velocity in the afternoon and nights is of high order resulting in heavy soil erosion i snow blizzards which make life very Difficult. Due to longer winters, the agriculture season is short and spread over From April to September depending upon the climate. The main river of ladakh isIndus, which flows in a north-west direction between ladakh and zanskar ranges. It is joined by several major rivers like zanskar, suru and shayok before it reaches Pakistan.
At a glance
Educational institutions------- 278
C.d. blocks------- 9
Health institutions------- 167(including ism)
Villages covered under------- 100 (3/95)
Area------- 82,665 sq kms
Area under hyv crop------- 17441 hectare
1,47,104 (2011) ------- population
Ration card holders -------16000
Population density------- 3 per sq. Kms
Villages electrified------- 75 (3/95)
I12------- villages
Villages with drinking water------- 102 (3/95)
3------- tehsil
Literacy rate------- 80.48 %
Town -------1
68------- panchayats
Live stock population ------- 397700
Historical
places and monuments
Hemis : situated 40 kms from leh, hemis is the wealthiest, best known and big-Gest gompa of ladakh. The annual festival of the gompa is held in summer inHonour of guru padma sambhav's birth anniversary. It also has the largest thanka (seroll painting on silk or brocade) in ladakh which is unfurled once in 12 years. Hemis was built in 1630 A.D. during the reign of sengge namgyal and flourished Under the namgyal dynasty.
Alchi: the gompa is situated on the banks of the indus, 70 kms from leh and dates A thousand years back. The gompa is no longer an active religious centre and is Jooked after by monks from the likir monastery.
Spituk : the gompa stands prominently on the top of a hillock, 8 kms from leh, And commands a panoramic view of the Indus valley for miles. Many icons of Buddha and five thankas are found in 15th century monastery. There is also a Collection of ancient masks, antique arms, and an awe inspiring image of mahakal.
Phyang: the monastery is situated 17 kms from leh on the leh-kargil road. It was Built by Tashia Namgyal in the later half of the l6th century A.D. and looks like a Place from a distance. The gompa belongs to the red cap sect of the buddhists. Hundreds of icons of buddha are kept on wooden shelves.
Shey : 15 kms upstream from leh. The palace is believed to have been the seat of Power of the pre-tibetan kings. A 7.5 metre high copper statue of buddha, plated With gold, and the largest of its kind, is installed in the palace.
Thikse : the thikse monastery is spectacularly situated 19 kms from leh. It is one of the largest and architecturally most impressive gompas. The gompa hasMages, stupas and wall paintings of buddha which are exquisite.
Jama masjid : the historical mosque is situated in the heart of leh town. It was built in 1666-67 a.d. consequent to an agreement between the mughal emperor Aurangzeb and then ruler of ladakh, deldan namgyal.
Leh palace : the palace is a distinguished monument and a historical building.He nine-storeyed palace was built By the 17th century illustrious ruler of ladakh Sengge Namgyal.
Tourist places
Leh is havìng an airport which connects it to the rest of the country. Besides thisThere is regular bus service from srinagar which operates during summer when the Zojila pass remains open for traffic. This is the time which tourists lookout for, In the year 2007 more than 10 thousand tourists from india and abroad visited Ladakh to capture its breathtaking scenery.
Cultural tourism : visits to the major buddhist monasteries and other cultural or Heritage sites are the principal tourist attractions of central ladakh and zanaskar. Most of the region's principal gompas are open throughout the day and a care- Taker lama is available to show visitors around. Some of the less visited establish-Ments have special opening hours, as in the case of namgyal tsemo, shey palace,And the stok palace museum. Most of the monasteries charge a small entrance fee.
The monasteries constitute the fountain head of ladakh's buddhist religion and Culture. Fairs and festivals, of ladakh also attract a large number of tourists. Many of the Annual festivals of gumpas take place in winter as it is a relatively idle time. The Dance dramas take place in the court yards of gumpas and lamas wearing colourful Robes and startling masks perform mimes representing various heads of the reliGion. The biggest and the most famous monastic festivals is of hemis which falls In late june-july and is dedicated to padam sambhava. Other festivals held in Summer are of lama-yuru, in early july, phiyang in late july, tak-thok after Phiyang and karsha in zanskar after phiyang. Spituk, stoke, thiksey, chemreay And matho have their festivals in winter.
Pulwama
Carved out of anantnag district, the pulwama district came into being in 1979.the District, situated 32 kms from srinagar in south kashmir, is surrounded in the north By srinagar, in the west by poonch and budgam and in the east by anantnag. Majority of the population i.e 88% speak kashmii language while the rest speak Phari and gujri. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people with a small Number rearing cattle for livelihood. The main crops in the district include paddy, Maize, mustard and pulses. Fodder is also cultivated in the winter. The world Famous saffron fields adorn the district and the cherished apple, Ambree, is also Grown here.
At a
glance
Educational institutions -------756
Population density-------598 per sq. Kms
Health institutions-------189
Road length -------810 kms
Villages-------554
Area-------1090 sq kms
Tehsil -------4
Population ------- 5,70,060 (2011)
Town area committees -------6
Blocks-------6
Area under agriculture -------77000 hectare
Villages with drinking water------- 545
Area under horticulture------- 10140 hectare
Literacy rate-------65.00%
Forests ------- 1011 sq km
Bank branches------- 45
Villages electrified-------551
Historical
places and monuments
The avantishwar temple : the awantishwar temple at jawbrari is the significant Monuments present in the district. The temple was built by raja awanti varma in The 9th century A.D when he chose as his capital instead of srinagar.
The payer temple : payer temple is situated about 3 kms in the south of pulwarma District. The temple is known after the village, payer, where it is situated. Vigne, Cunningham and some other travellers call it payech temple.
Asar słaarief pintoora : the shrine is the most revered religious place in theAistrict situated 12 kms from pulwama. The shrine houses the holy relic of prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) which is displayed on special occasions associated With the life of the prophet(pbuh).
The shrine of shah hamdan: situated in tral town, the shrine is believed to have Been built by mir syed ali hamdani. People in large numbers throng the shrine on Annual festivals associated with the saint.
Jama masjid shopian : the mosque is said to have been built during the mughal Period. Shopian was an important stopover on the mughal road across the pir Panjal used by the mughals to visit kashmir. The other important muslim shrines Are situated at awantipora and pampore. These are the shrines of syed hussan Mantaqui, mir mohammad hamdani and namat ulah shog baba sahab.
Tourist places : the pulwama district has some beautiful tourist spots, the famous Among which are: aharbal, nagberan, shikargah, tarsar marsar, kungwattan and Hurpora, etc.
Poonch
Poonch district falls between 33degree-25' to 34degree-01'north latitude and 73degee-58 to 74 degree-35 east longitude. Poonch district is totally hilly and mounInous barring few-low lying valleys. It has varied climate depending upon altitude of the place.He district comprises four tehsils. Poonch district has a rich cultural heritage and The district comprises poor tasilis punish district has a rich cultural heritage and distinct historical historical background connected with the great mughals. The caravans ofMughal emperors for kashmir passed through poonch district in 17th century andThat route is known as mughal road. The district has an area of1.14 lakh hectare ofWhich 23 per cent is cultivable. The people speak gojari and punchi.
At a glance
Educational institutions------- 779
Blocks -------5
Health institutions -------120
Gross area sown -------42,000 hectare
Area ------- 1,674 sq kms
Orchards -------285 hectare
Population-------4,76,820 (2011)
Literacy rate------- 68.69%
Population density-------285 per sq. Kms
Bank branches-------24
Villages ------- 178 (168 inhabited)
Tehsil-------4
Principal crop-------maize, paddy and wheat
Panchayats -------51
Post offices------- 62
Historical
places and monuments
Buddha Amarnath: twenty five kns in the north east of poonch town is situated An ancient temple of lord shiva on the left bank of pulsta stream. The area isKnown as rajpura mandi two kms above mandi village. This is a unique shiva Temple which is located on the foot hill and not on the hill top and secondly the Shivaling of white stone is not self-made. This shrine is said to be older than of Amarnathji of kashmir. Thousands of people visit on rakhsa bandhan.
Ramkund : another well known shrine located about 68 kms from poonch town Is that of ram kund. Believed to be of mahabharat period, it is just 11 kms away From mendhar. The kund was said to be constructed by raja lalitaditya while Others believe that raja renovated it, and originally it was constructed by lord Rama when he was on his way to kashmir. There are three springs. People take Bath on first of bright half of chaitra.
Ziarat sain : situated in village guntrian, 10 kms from poonch, the ziarat of Saint sain mira sahib is a popular pilgrim centre, hundreds of devotees visit this Ziarat.
Nangali sahib : nangali sahib gurudwara is situated on the left bank of drungli Nallah, which is four kms away from poonch city. This gurudwara was established By sant bhai mela singh who is said to have visited this shrine in 1810 A.D. when He was on his way to conquer kashmir.
Ziarat chhotay sahib : located 58 kms away from poonch and 4 kms from Mendhar this ziarat is situated in the village sakhimaidan. Hundreds of pilgrims Come to this place every day.
Tourist places: there are several beautiful spots on the foothill of pir panchal Mountain range. These are: noori chamb, buffliaz, loran, behramgata, girgen, Poonch fort and krishna ghati etc.
Rajouri
Rajouri district is located between 70 degree and 74 degree-4" east longitude and 32 degree-58" and 33 degree-35" north latitude. It is approx. At a distance of 160 Kms from jammu district. It was carved out of the district of poonch in 1968 to Facilitate process of development and better supervision. The dhaula dhar range runs across the north eastern part of the district and topography of Raiouri, budhal and part of kalakote tehsils consists of numerous hills and small valleys
Of meandering brooks. The district presents a composite culture-pahari, gojri, dogra and kashmiri. Irespective of ethnic Groups all speak the pahari language with ease. The climate Varies from semi-tropical in the southern part to sup-tropical in The mountainous northern part. The sub-tropical region receives regular monsoons Whereas the northern part prone to hailstorms experiences excessive rains.
At a glance
Blocks-------8
Educational institutions-------955
Gross area sown-------77,424 hectare
Health institutions-------193(including ism)
Forests-------1,304 sq km
Area-------2,630 sq kms
Villages electrified-------338
Population-------6,19,266 (2011)
Villages with drinking water ------- 368
Population density -------235 per sq. Kms
Literacy rate -------68.54%
Villages-------381 (375 inhabited)
Bank branches ------- 49
Tehsil-------7
Principal crop -------maize
Towns-------4
Panchayats ------- 77
Historical
places and monuments
Thanamandi : this is an important historical place from the time of mughals who Used to stay here during journey from delhi to kashmir and vice versa. The climate of this place is very charming and infact a health resort. It is also famous for Its artistic wooden products. The famous shrine of shahdara shariaf is 6 kms from This place.
Dhandidhar fort : it is a historical monument located on a hill in the vicinity of Qouri town. This fort was probably constructed by mughal king during the reign Emperor jahangir nearly 400 years back. It is just 2 kms away from rajouri Rsenting panoramic and impressive view of the entire area.
Usman memorial: usman memorial has been constructed at jhangar in the Memory of brig. Usman who was mainly responsible for freeing the captured area Around jhangar. After having captured this stratagic area brig. Usman convened A conference of army officers to decide future course of action. Meanwhile, he fell To heavy shelling of the enemy on 3 july 1948.this great memorial is maintained by the infantry unit located at jnangar. The heroic deeds of army as Well as civilians who died while fighting in this area are commemorated every Year on 3rd of july as "jhangar day".
Balidan bhawan : this bhawan is a memorial of of great sacrifices made by the people Of rajouri during 1947-48.0n the night of diwali in october-november 1947,the Pakistani marauders forcibly captured the town when indian army was operating In other parts of the district. The marauders Mercilessly put to death thousands of Men and women, old and young, infants and children and plundered Lust of wealth and booty. The indian army liberated the town on 13th april., The day of baisakhi festival. The bhawan since then has been dedicated to theSacrifices of those heroes and was given the name of balidan bhawan
War memorial : it has been raised at gujar mandi chowk in rajouri township .Rajouri was liberated by the indian army on 13th april 1948.major general Kulwant singh launched an attack against pakistani forces who had converted the Site of present airfield into a slaughter ground.
Hall of fame : on the top of the mound, the great memorial hall of fame hasBeen constructed in commemoration of the heroic deeds of those who had laidDown their lives for the sake of their motherland in the sectors of rajouri and Poonch.
Tourist places: the district abounds in places which have immense pilgrim Essence and tourist attraction. Some of these are as under: Nao gazi ziarat, mangla Godess, shahdara sharif, gum sar, chandan sar, samot sar and chingus.
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