ADIL AHMAD,M.A,M.Phill
TEACHER SCHOOL EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Chapter 4
Working of Institutions class 9
Exercises
1. If you are elected as the President of, india which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Ans.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the houses.
2. Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Ans. (c) Home Minister
3. Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
Ans. (a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
4. Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Ans.(d) The Parliament
5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released
Solved
Ans.
(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the Industry country.
(iv) Ministry of Commerce and industry
(b) Telephone service will be made more accessible to rural areas
(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the public distribution system will go down
(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) a pulse polio campaign will be launched
(iii) Ministry of Health
(e) The allowances of soldiers posted on high altitudes will be
(i) Ministry of Defense
6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure, like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state Governments.
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Ans.
(a) Lok Sabha (The Finance Ministry)
(b) The Parliament
(c) The Supreme Court
(d) The Executive
7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.
Ans. In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. This is to ensure thatthe Prime Minister secures a majority support. This prevents him/her from being either a puppet or a dictator dictator since he/she has to function along with a council of ministers.
8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Ans. This film is unrealistic. A single man can don anything alone. He has to follow procedures and guides written in constitution. A personal rule without institutions is dangerous.
9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament.she called two students to act as leaders of two political parties she gave them an option .Each one could choose to have majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Ans. I would choose to have a majority in the Lok Sabha as it is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people. The leader of political party which is in majority in Lok sabha will be appointed as prime minister which is most powerful person in the country.
10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view,
according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could 5761 given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did
direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court
struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Ans. The view that Anjaiah had is correct according to my view.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Q. How is a major policy decision taken?
Ans:-In a democratic country a major policy decision is taken by Executive, they make decisions and implement them on the basis of the constitution and laws of the country. A major policy decision is taken as;
In the parliament by proposing debating, amending and voting once passed in Lok Sabha and finally. If passed by both the houses, comes into being.
To illustrate how a policy decision is taken we will study a govt. order on August 13, 1990, the Govt. of India issued an order. It was called an office Memorandum. Its number was O.M. No. 36012/31/90-Est (SCT) dated 13-08-1990. The joint Secretary an officer in the department of personnel, public grievances and pensions signed the order. It was quite short, barely one page. This Govt. order was very important and
became a source of controversy. This order amounted a major policy decision. It said that 27% of the vacancies in civil posts and services under the Govt. of India are for the socially and Economically Backward classes (SEBC).
It meant that, only persons who belong to backward castes were eligible for this quota of 27% jobs. Other could not compete for these jobs. The officer was merely implementing the instructions Minister of personal, public Grievances and persons, of department was a part. We can guess that such a major have involved other major functionaries in our country
For the next few months this was the most hotly debated issue in the country. It led to widespread protests and counter protests. It was then taken to the Supreme Court and eleven judges of the Supreme Court declared that this Govt. order was valid. So this decision policy has been followed when the dispute came to an end .
Q.why working of institutions is not an easy task.
Or
Q.How is working of different institutions regulated?
Ans:- A country is governed very well when each and every institution work effectively governing a country involves various such activities for example the government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all it collect taxes and spends the money this raised on administration defence and development programmes ,it formulatis and implemented several welfare schemes . some person is have to take decision on how to go about these activities others have to implement these decisions if disputes arise on these decisions on their implementation dear should be someone to determine what is right and what is wrong it is important that every one should know who is responsible for doing what it is also impossible that these activities keep taking place even if the key position change so to attend all these tasks several arrangements are made in all modern democracy such arrangements are called institutions and democracy workers well when these institute perform function is I need to them
The constitution of any country lays down basic rules on the powers and functions of each institution. Institutions involve rules and regulations. This can bind the hands of leaders. Institutions involve meetings, committees and routines. This often leads to delays and, complication. Institutions make it difficult to have a good decision taken very quickly.
But they also make it equally difficult to such through a bad decision. That is why democratic governments insist on institutions.
Q. Comment on the Bi-cameral nature of the Indian parliament?
Ans:-India has the Bi-cameral nature of the Parliament Bi-cameral legislatures have two Houses. The Indian Parliament consists of two
Houses. The two Houses are known as the council of states (Rajya Sabha) and the house of the people (Lok Sabha). These two Houses are also called chambers. One House is usually direct elected by the people and exercises the real power on behalf of people. The second House is
elected indirectly and performs , Some special functions. The most common work for the second House is to look after the interests of
various states, regions or federal units.
The lower House is called and the upper House is
the Lok Sabha or the House of the people known as the Rajya Sabha or the council of states.
The total membership of the Lok Sabha cannot be more than 550. The president of India however, nominate two members belonging to the Anglo-India community, if its is not adequately represented in the House
Sath the total membership of the Rajya Sabha has been fixed at 250. Out of 238 are elected by the states and Union territories, while 12
this number are nominated by the president in order to give representation to
Eminent people in the filed of literature science, art or social service.
Q. How is the President of India elected?
Ans:-The President of India is the head of the state in Indian Politica
system the head of the state exercises only nominal powers.
The president is not elected directly by the people. He is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of the elected Members of parliament (MPS) and elected Members of state Legislative Assembly (MLAS) with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferrable vote. Under this system no vote goes wasted the value of the vote of a member of the state Legislative Assembly is determined by the population of that state. The voting strength of all the Legislative Assembly of all the states taken together is equal to the voting strength of the two house of the parliament.
The person to be elected as the president particular quota. The quota is determined by the
Total No. of Votes
No. of sates.
A candidate standing for president's post has to get majority of votes to win the election.
Q. Why do we need a parliament ?
Ans:-India has a Parliamentary form of government. Parliament plays a democracies an assembly of elected supreme political authority on behalf of the people in India such a national assembly of elected representatives is called parliament. At the state lived this is called Legislature or Legislative Assembly. It exercises political authority on behalf of the people in many ways.
1) Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law making or Legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislatures. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place.
2) Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India control is direct and full. Those who run the govt. can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the parliament.
3) Parliaments control all the money that govt. have. In most copies the public money can be spent only when the parliament sanction it.
4) Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country. Parliament can see Information
about any matter.
5) In parliamentary form of govt. the head of the state is one while the head of the govt, is other.
Q. How is the prime Minister appointed?
Ans:-There is no direct election to the post the leader of majority group in the of prime Minster. The PM is the leader of majority group in the Parlament the majority group selects one person as their leader. This very leader, after due confirmation of the president comes to be known as the Prime Minster. So long as he enjoys the confidence of the Parliament he remains at his post.
Q. What do you mean by Coalition government?
Ans:-A govt, formed by an alliance of two or more political parties, usually when no single party enjoys majority support of the members in a legislature.Political Parties must moderate their ideologies and programme in order to have a strong Coalition.
Q. Who appoints the Judges of the Supreme Court?
Ans :- The president on the advice of the Prime Minster and in consultation with the chief justice of the Supreme Court appoints the judges of the Supreme Court.
Q. Name the three organs of the govt. and what are their functions?
Ans:-The three organs of the govt. are.
(a) Executive. (b) Legislature. (c) Judiciary.
a) Executive is having authority to initiate major policies, make decisions and implement them on the basis of the constitution and laws of the
country.
b) Judiciary is an institution empowered to administer. Justice and provide a mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes.
c) Legislature is an Assembly of people's representatives with the power to enact laws for a country.
Q. Who appoints various ministers of the Union govt.
Ans:-The president appoints various ministers of
union govt.
Q. Who appoints the chief justice of the Supreme Court?
Ans:-The president appoints the chiefs justice of the Supreme Court.
Q. Who elects the Vice-President of India?
Ans:-The Vice-President of the Indian Union is elected jointly by the House of the Parliament.
Q. Who appoints the L.Governor of Union Territories
Ans:-The President appoints the . L.Governor of Union Territories.
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