NOTES PREPARED BY
ADIL AHMAD,M.A,M.Phill
TEACHER SCHOOL EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Chapter 7
Geography of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
Q1. Answer the following questions:
i. Explain the major physical divisions of Jammu, Kashmir and, Ladakh?
Ans. The major physical divisions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh
i. The outer Plains
ii. The Shiwaliks
iii. The Middle Himalayas
iv. The Valley of Kashmir
v. The Ladakh Region
i. The Outer Plains: The Southern side of the UT of J&K is covered by the alluvial plains of the Chenab, Tawi and Ravi rivers & their tributaries.
The outer plains are an extension of great Indian plains which is alluvial in nature it stretches from river Ravi to River Chenab for a distance of 110 km. The plains are locally called as Anderwah and Bajwat. The plain is drained by other streams and tributaries like Basantar, Ujh, Tawi and ManawarTawi. The plain is dissected by series of deep and shallow ravines cut by these streams and rivers. The ravines are locally called as khads. They are usuallyed with sand, gravels, boulders and wild growing tall grass bar). During rainny season these khads transform into flooded naalas. The productive crop lands of this region are in Kathua,
Akhnoor, Hiranggar, Bishnah, R.s Pura and Domana. Parts of Jammu city like Talabo, Gandhi Nagar and Satwari belong to the outer plains. The elevation of these fertile plains varies from 330 to 360 metres above mean sea level
ii The Shiwaliks: Towards North of the outer Plains lie the youngest mountains of the sub-continent called shiwalik hills. These mountains are 20-50 kms wide and 600-1220metres above the mean sea level. To the north of Shiwalik hills lies series of longitudinal valleys called duns. The
important ones are Basholi, Ramkote, Dansal, Udhampur and Sunderbani.
iii. The middle Himalayas (PirPanjal): The PirPanjal representing the middle himalayas varies in elevation from 1800 to 3600 metres. It is
characterised by deep cut valleys and gorges. The middle himalayas locally known as" pahar" (mountains) in Jammu division sprawls between
the Ravi in the east and the Poonch in the West. The middle himalayas have width of about 10-60 kms with an east west orientation. The cave of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi is situated on the slope of "Trik In the middle himalayas.
iv. The Valley of Kashmir: The beautiful valley of Kashmnestled in the north western folds of Himalayas is encompassed by greater himalayas in the north and middle himalayas in the south. The width of valley varies between to 40-60 km and its length is approximaty between 130-140 km with a varying elevation of 1500-1800 metre above mean sea level. The valley of Kashmir has been divided into physiographic divisions.
a.The valley floor
b.The karewas
c.The side valleys
v.The Ladakh region: The Ladakh region (plateau of Ladakh) constitutes the northern most region height of 5000 metres
is a cold desert mostly covered with mechanically weathered rock material and granite dust. The area is deprived of
vegetation. The city Indus river flows through Ladakh. The scanty rains and arid conditions do not favour agricultural activities in Ladakh. It is
restricted to the irrigated tracks around Indus river which favours the glacier of Siachen, about 72km in length on Karakorum range of Himalayas is situated in this region.
The plateau of Ladakh is comprised of the following ranges.
a.Zanskar range
b.The Ladakh range
c.The Karakorum range
c.The Aksai Chin region
e.Gilgit and Baltistan.
Q2. Name the areas of Jammu division which are covered by alluvial plains?
Ans.Akhnoor, Ranbirsinghpura (R.S. Pura), Samba and Kathua are the areas of Jammu division which are covered by the alluvial plains.
Q3. Discuss the main features of climate of Ladakh?
Ans. Ladakh experiences a very cold and very dry climate. condition prevails in this region. The climate is often great extremes of heat and cold, with excessive dryness. Ladakh receives a little amount of precipitation throughout the year. Precipitation is mainly in the form of snow. There prevails a great difference in sun and shade temperature in Ladakh region. Summers are short and oppressive and winters are long and extremely cold.
Q4. Name the main tributaries of river Jhelum?
Ans.Sindnallah, Madhumati and Phunu are main tributaries of Jhelum.
Q5. Which mountain ranges of Kashmir?
Ans. The Greater and Middle range of Himalayas surrounded the valley of Kashmir.
Q6. Name the main rivers and tributaries which flow through the outer plains of Jammu?
Ans. Chenab, Ravi and Tawi are the main rivers flow through outer plains of Jammu. The river Tawi is also a tributary of river chenab.
account of the soils found in Jammu, Kashmir and
Q7. Give; a brief account of the soils found in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh
Ans.Union Territory of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh are blessed with various soil groups. River valleys are dominant with alluvial soils, brown forest soils and mountainous soil are also found in different regions. The major soil groups of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh are Alluvial soils which comprises of two variants i.e. old alluvium (Bhangar) and new alluvium (Khaddar). The another type of soil found in the Jammu & Kashmir are karewas soil.
Q: write short notes on:
a. Alluvial Soil: These are fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds. In the UT of J&K, the Jammu plains are predominantly covered with alluvial soil. In Jammu region the alluvial soil has two variants i.e Old alluvium (Bhangar) and New alluvium (khaddar).
b. Side valleys: Side valleys are those valleys whose rivers flow into greater ones. Side valleys in J&K like Sindh, Narang, Lidder and Daksum are important centres of tourist attraction and livestock rearing.
c. Plateau of Ladakh: The plateau of Ladakh constitutes the Northern most region of India. It is a vast arid table land located at a height of 5000 metres. It is cold desert mostly covered with mechanically weathered rock material and granite dust.
Q. Choose the correct answer from alternatives given below:
(Answers).
i. The outer plains of the UT of Jammu & Kashmir are locally called as:
Ans.Andarwah&Bajwat.
ii. Saffron is cultivated in the
Ans.Karewas of Kashmir
iii. Karewas is found which type of deposits:
Ans.Lacustrine deposits.
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