NOTES PREPARED BY
ASHAQ HUSSAIN BHAT
TEACHER SCHOOL
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
'FIBRE TO FABRIC'
SOME IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
Selective breeding. The process of selecting parents for obtaining special characters in their offsprings is called selective breeding,
Shearing. The process of removing fleece of sheep is called shearing
Scouring. The process of washing sheared skin to remove grease, dust and dirt is called scouring.
Sorting. The process of separating different textures of hair is called sorting,
Sericulture. The rearing of silkworms for obtaining silk is called sericulture.
Reeling of silk. The process of obtaining silk fibres from pile of cocoons by boiling or steaming is called reeling of silk.
TEXT BOOK EXERCISES
Q.1. You must be familiar with the following nursery
(ii) "Mary had a little lamb, whose fleece was white as snow
(i) 'Baa baa black sheep, have you any wool'.
Answer the following:
(a) Which parts of the black sheep have wool ?
(6) What is meant by the white fleece of the lamb ?
Ans.(a) Hairs.
(b) White hair of the lamb.
Q. 2. The silk worm is (a) a caterpillar (b) a larva.
Choose the correct option:
(i) a (ii) b (iii) both a and b (iv) neither a nor b.
Ans. (ii) both a and b.
Q. 3. Which of the following does not yield wool ?
(1) Yak (ii) camel (iii) goat (iv) woolly dog.
Ans. (iv) Woolly dog.
Q. 4. What is meant by following terms(i) Rearing (ii) Shearing lii) Sericulture.
Ans. (i) Rearing. The upbringing of animals for their usefulness is called rearing.
(ii) Shearing. The process of removing fleece/hairy skin of sheep is called shearing.
(iii) Sericulture. The rearing of silkworms for silk production is called sericulture.
Q.5. The science of raising silk worms so as to obtain silk cocoons is called :
(a) Apiculture
(b) Horticulture
(c) Sericulture
(d) Pisciculture.
Ans.(c) Sericulture.
Q. 6. The hair on the skin of sheep, yak ete. from
which wool can be obtained ?
(a) Wool
(b) Fleece
(c) Silk
(d) Yarn.
Ans. (b) Fleece.
Q. 7. The proper sequence of life cycle of a silkworm is :
(a) Egg ⇒pupa⇒ Caterpillar
(b) Pupa ⇒ Egg ⇒Caterpillar
(c) Eggs⇒ Caterpillar⇒ Pupa
(d) Caterpillar⇒ Egg ⇒Pupa
Ans.(c) Eggs⇒ Caterpillar⇒ Pupa
Q. 8. Which of the following diseases is caused due to wool industry :
(a) Typhoid
(6) Cholera
(c) Tetanus
(d) Anthrax
Ans. (d) Anthrax (Sorter's disease).
Q. 9. Given below is a sequence of steps in the processing of wool. Which are missing steps ? Add them.
Shearing, ................ Sorting,............. ,.................
Ans. Shearing, Scouring, Sorting, dyeing, rolling into yarn.
Q. 10. Make sketches of two stages in life history of the silk moth which are directly related to production of silk.
Ans. (D) Silkworm (E) Cocoon
Q. 11. Out of the following, which are two terms related to silk production ? Sericulture ; Floriculture,
Moriculture, Apiculture, Silviculture.
Hints : (i) Silk production involves cultivation of mulberry leaves and rearing of silkworms.
(ii) Scientific name of mulberry is Morusmalla.
Q. 12. Match the words of column I with those given in column II.
Column I Column II
1. Scouring (a) Yields silk fibres
2. Mulberry leaves (6) Wool yielding animal
3. Yak (c) Food of silkworm.
4. Cocoon (d) Reeling
(e) Cleaning sheared skin.
Answer.
Column I Column II
1. Scouring (e) Cleaning sheared skin.
2. Mulberry leaves (c) Food of silkworm.
3. Yak (6) Wool yielding animal
4. Cocoon (a) Yields silk fibres.
Q. 13. Given below is a crossword puzzle based on this lesson. Use hints to fill in the blank spaces with letters that complete the words.
Down
(D) 1. Thorough washing
2. Animal fibre
3. Long thread like structure
Across
(A) 1. Keeps warm
2. Its leaves are eaten by silk worms
3. Hatches from egg of moth.
ADDITIONAL SHOAT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Write down the different steps for obtaining wool from sheep.
Q. 2. In which part of India, sheep are reared for wool ?
Ans. Hills in Kashmir, Himachal, Uttranchal, Arunachal, Sikkim and plains of Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujrat.
Q. 3. Why does shearing not hurt the sheep ?
Q. 4. Why are fibres of wool twisted ?
Q. 5. Why is fleece scoured ?
Q. 6. What happens when silk fibre and artificial silk thread is burned ?
ADDITIONAL LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Write in brief the process of obtaining silk?
Ans. Silk is obtained from silk moth which are reared and their cocoons are collected to get silk fibre. The process involves two steps:
(i) Rearing silk worms.
(ii) Processing silk.
(i) Rearing silk worms. The eggs layed by female silk moth are stored carefully on strips of cloth or paper and kept under hygienic conditions and suitable temperature and humidity.
Sometimes eggs are warmed to hatch larvae and these larvae are fed on fresh leaves of mulberry tree. These larvae called caterpillars or silkworms eat day and night to grow into enormoussizes.
These larvae are kept in clean bamboo trays along with freshly chopped mulberry leaves. After 20 to 25 days, the caterpillass or silkworms stop eating and move to a tiny chamber of bamboo tray to spin cocoons. Inside cocoon, develops the silk moth.
(ii) Processing silk. A pile of cocoons are collected and kept under sun, or boiled or exposed to steam to separate out the silk fibres. These silk fibres are reeled and then spun into silk threads which are woven to give silk cloth.
Q. 2. Describe in brief the steps involved in obtaining wool from sheep.
Ans. For obtaining wool, sheep are reared. Their hair is cut and processed into wool.
The process involves the following two steps:
(1) Rearing and breeding of sheep
(ii) Processing wool.
(i) Rearing and breeding of sheep. Sheep are reared in many parts of India. Shepherds graze their herds and feed them on a mixture of pulses, corn, jowar, oil cakes etc. In winter, sheep are kept indoors and fed on leaves, grains and dry fodder.
Once the reared sheep developed a thick growth of hair, hair is shaved off for getting wool.
(ii) Processing wool. The wool used for making sweater and shawls is a finished product of a long process which has
following steps :-
(i) Shearing (ii) Scouring (iii) Sorting (iv) Drying (v) Dyeing (vi) Spinning (vii) Weaving.
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